Show that the differential equation $(x^{2}-y^{2}) dx + 2xy dy = 0$ is a homogeneous equation and find its solution.

Vedclass pdf generator app on play store
Vedclass iOS app on app store
(N/A) The given differential equation is:
$(x^{2}-y^{2}) dx + 2xy dy = 0$
$\Rightarrow \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{-(x^{2}-y^{2})}{2xy} = F(x, y)$ ..............$(1)$
To check for homogeneity,we evaluate $F(\lambda x, \lambda y)$:
$F(\lambda x, \lambda y) = \frac{-((\lambda x)^{2}-(\lambda y)^{2})}{2(\lambda x)(\lambda y)} = \frac{-\lambda^{2}(x^{2}-y^{2})}{\lambda^{2}(2xy)} = \lambda^{0} F(x, y)$
Since $F(\lambda x, \lambda y) = \lambda^{0} F(x, y)$,the equation is homogeneous.
To solve,substitute $y = vx$,which implies $\frac{dy}{dx} = v + x \frac{dv}{dx}$.
Substituting into $(1)$:
$v + x \frac{dv}{dx} = \frac{-(x^{2} - (vx)^{2})}{2x(vx)} = \frac{-(x^{2} - v^{2}x^{2})}{2vx^{2}} = \frac{v^{2}-1}{2v}$
$x \frac{dv}{dx} = \frac{v^{2}-1}{2v} - v = \frac{v^{2}-1-2v^{2}}{2v} = \frac{-(1+v^{2})}{2v}$
Separating variables:
$\frac{2v}{1+v^{2}} dv = -\frac{dx}{x}$
Integrating both sides:
$\int \frac{2v}{1+v^{2}} dv = -\int \frac{1}{x} dx$
$\ln(1+v^{2}) = -\ln|x| + \ln|C| = \ln|\frac{C}{x}|$
$1+v^{2} = \frac{C}{x}$
Substituting $v = \frac{y}{x}$:
$1 + \frac{y^{2}}{x^{2}} = \frac{C}{x}$
$\frac{x^{2}+y^{2}}{x^{2}} = \frac{C}{x}$
$x^{2}+y^{2} = Cx$

Explore More

Similar Questions

The solution of the differential equation $y^{\prime} = \frac{x^2 + y^2}{xy}$,with the initial condition $y(1) = -2$,is given by:

The solution of $(x^2+y^2) dx = 2xy dy$ is:

The general solution of the differential equation $\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{2x^2 - xy - y^2}{x^2 - y^2}$ is

The general solution of the differential equation $\left(\frac{y}{x}\right) \cos \left(\frac{y}{x}\right) dx - \left[\left(\frac{x}{y}\right) \sin \left(\frac{y}{x}\right) + \cos \left(\frac{y}{x}\right)\right] dy = 0$ is:

$A$ coin is tossed until a head appears or until the coin has been tossed five times. If a head does not occur on the first two tosses,then the probability that the coin will be tossed $5$ times is

Vedclass Products

For Students

Vedclass Test Series

Mock tests in real JEE/NEET style with performance analysis. 5-day free trial.

Start Free Trial
For Teachers

Exam Paper Generator

Generate Set A/B/C/D exam papers from 7.5L+ questions in 2 minutes. 3 chapters free.

Try Free
For Institutes

Online Exam Module

Live online exams with unlimited students, 360° analytics & white-label branding.

See Demo